Nanoliposomy załadowane jadem pszczelim jako antyoksydacyjna i erytroprotektywna platforma dostarczającą lek z kontrolowanym uwalnianiem in vitro i poprawioną stabilnością w przewodzie pokarmowym

Bee venom (BV) contains bioactive peptides with potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, yet its direct therapeutic use is limited by cytotoxicity, instability, and uncontrolled release. This study aimed to develop and evaluate bee venom-loaded nanoliposomes (BV-LN) as an innovative Antioxidant and erythroprotective delivery platform with controlled in vitro release and enhanced gastrointestinal stability for potential applications in neurodegenerative disease management. BV’s antioxidant activity, erythroprotective potential, hemocompatibility, and membrane-stabilizing capacity were systematically assessed, alongside assays for antihemolytic activity against AAPH-induced oxidative hemolysis. BV-LN were synthesized via thin-film hydration and extensively characterized for encapsulation efficiency (84.43 ± 2.26%), water solubility (1.83 µg/mL), centrifugal stability (94.13 ± 3.53%), morphological integrity, and thermal/structural properties (XRD, DSC). Simulated digestion tests confirmed gradual peptide release under gastric and intestinal conditions. Results highlight BV’s strong antioxidant activity (≈70% DPPH inhibition) and marked erythroprotective effects, including >98% hemocompatibility at safe concentrations and significant membrane stabilization under heat and osmotic stress. Encapsulation in nanoliposomes slightly modulated immediate radical scavenging but enhanced safety by preventing excessive hemolysis and enabling controlled melittin release. The robust nanoliposomal structure, driven by peptide–phospholipid hydrophobic anchoring and cholesterol-mediated bilayer ordering, ensured stability under mechanical and digestive stress. This research is highly innovative as it pioneers BV encapsulation for neuroprotective nutraceutical applications, offering a safe, sustained-release platform that could mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation, key drivers of disorders like epilepsy, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s. BV-LN demonstrate strong potential as next-generation carriers for functional foods or therapeutic formulations targeting neurodegenerative diseases, warranting further in vitro validation and translational studies.