Epilepsja u matki i prenatalne narażenie na leki przeciwpadaczkowe: związek z rozwojem mózgu i umiejętności poznawczymi u dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym
Maternal epilepsy and prenatal antiepileptic drug exposure: Relationships with neurodevelopmental outcomes in preschool-aged children
W skrócie
Badanie porównało dzieci matek z epilepsją (które były narażone na leki przeciwpadaczkowe w ciąży) z dziećmi matek zdrowymi. Okazało się, że dzieci matek z epilepsją miały gorsze wyniki w testach umiejętności życiowych, więcej problemów z zachowaniem i zagrożenie zaburzeniami ze spektrum autyzmu, szczególnie gdy matka przyjmowała wyższe dawki leków. Badacze podkreślają, że wyniki należy interpretować ostrożnie, ponieważ wymagają potwierdzenia w dalszych badaniach.
Oryginalny abstract (angielski)
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the associations of maternal epilepsy and prenatal antiepileptic drug (AED) exposure with neurodevelopmental outcomes in preschool-aged children, with a particular focus on adaptive functioning, emotional and behavioral problems, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: This retrospective, case-control study included 53 children aged 2-6 years born to mothers with epilepsy and 53 age- and sex-matched controls whose mothers had no history of epilepsy or other chronic illness. Developmental outcomes and emotional problems were assessed using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-II (VABS-II), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and the Autism Behavior Checklist. RESULTS: Linear regression analysis showed that prenatal AED exposure was significantly associated with lower total VABS-II scores ( = 0.201, = .040). Within the AED-exposed subgroup, higher standardized AED doses were negatively correlated with total VABS-II scores ( = -.425, = .021). Hyperactivity/inattention and peer relationship problems were significantly higher in both AED-exposed and non-exposed epilepsy groups compared with controls ( < .05). Three cases of ASD were identified, all in the AED-exposed group. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal epilepsy and prenatal AED exposure may be associated with differences in adaptive functioning and behavioral outcomes in preschool-aged children. These findings should be interpreted cautiously given the observational design and potential residual confounding.